Portable utility building core unit



J. F. LANKTON PORTABLE UTILITY BUILDING CORE UNIT April 22, 1947.

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Patented Apr. 22, 1947` UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PORTABLE UTILITY BUILDING CORE UNIT Joel Fletcher Lankton, Peoria, 111.

Application April 9, 1945, Serial No. 587,304

3 Claims. 1 The present invention relates generally to improvements in utility units for building construction, and has reference more particularly to a new and improvedltransportable self-contained utility building core unit which is adapted to be prefabricated, as a factory item, in large quantities, and to be mounted bodily on a floor orv other suitable support, and which centralizes the common household utilities in a compact and advantageous` arrangement for convenient distribution to various fixtures, appliances and accessories.

One of the primary objects of the present invention is to provide a novel self-contained utility building core unit for supplying hot and cold water from a central location to the conventional xtures and appliances in the service rooms of a modern household, such, for example, as a sink and dishwashing machine in the kitchen, a lavatory, toilet, shower and bathtub in the bathroom, and preferably also laundry tubs and a washing machine in the laundry, if provided, and for collecting and disposing of Waste and sewage from said fixtures and appliances.

Another object is to provide a new and improved utility core unit of the foregoing character which incorporates, in addition, a heating plant for supplying and distributing heat, not only` to the contiguous rooms, but also to the more remote rooms of a house or apartment, and an electrical supply and` control panel for distributing electric current to the various electrical fixtures, appliances and accessories both within the unit and throughout the home, Yincluding for example the dishwashing machine, a

stove and a refrigerator in the kitchen, the Washing machine in the laundry, and lighting fixtures and outlet plugs in all the rooms.

A further object isA to provide a novel self-contained utility unit .which is adapted to service the various fixtures and appliances in the kitchen, bathroom and laundry with hot and cold water, heat and electric current, and for sewage, garbage and waste disposal, and in which these fixtures and appliances are closely arranged about the unit, so that the unit serves as a partition between .these rooms, and as central nucleus about which the entire floor plan can be advantageously and economically designed.

Another object is to provide a new and improved self-contained household utility unit which conserves useful floor space, and utilizes dead space, and which permits a. substantial saving in the cost of labor and building materials,

and reduction in time, in the construction of the home, thereby making possible the production of inexpensive homes with all common modern conveniences.

A further object is to provide a novel` self-contained household utility unit which requires a minimum number of connections to be made at avoids any appreciable loss of heat from the hot water system and the space heating system.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent as the description proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view of' one Wall of a kitchen along which are arranged various fixtures and appliances adapted to be serviced from one side of the central utility unit.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side elevational View of one Wall of a laundry at right-angles to the kitchen Wall of Fig. 1, and along which are arranged various fixtures andappliances adapted to be serviced from another side of the unit.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary side elevational view of one wall of a bathroom opposite the kitchen, and along which are arranged various fixtures and accessories adapted to be serviced from two other sides of the unit. f

Fig. 4 is a perspective view taken substantially at the overhead ceiling, and illustrating the top of the unit assembly.

Fig. 5 is a plan view partially in intermediate horizontal section through the central utility unit, and illustrating the various kitchen, bathroom and laundry vfixtures and appliances arranged about the four sides of the unit. I

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the prefabricated unsheathed central rutility unit taken diagonally from two sides.

Fig.`7 is a view similar to Fig; 6 but taken diagonally'from the two opposite sides, and with the space heater removed.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the enclosed central -unit taken substantially along line 8 8 of Fig. 5, and illustrating the interior elements.

Fig. 9 is a plan section at substantially ceiling height of a simple room arrangement illustratingtone typical adaptation of the central utility uni of another room.

Fig. 11 is a horizontal sectional view of a modified form of the building core unit assembly.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the present household utility unit, which constitutes the exemplary embodiment of theinven- Fig. 10 is a plan section of the same room ar-v rangement illustrated in Fig. 9, with the addition systems comprisea cold water. pipe manifold 5, a hot water pipe manifold 6, a drairr and sewage manifold 1, a heating duct manifold 8, a ventilating duct manifold 9, and a gas supply pipe o r manifold I0. All of these elements are closely and compactly coordinated and interrelated most- 1y withinthe confines of the frame structure I.

The utility unit is adapted tobe prefabricated, in factory production, as a transportable commercial item, with substantially all of the internal piping or plumbing and electrical leads, and preferably, but not necessarily, all of the operating equipment or service fixtures, fully installed in the frame structure I. Thus, the unit, with the assembled or integrated supply, soil and vent piping system therein, is ready for installation in the construction of a new home, or the re- 4 Preferably, these outlets of the manifolds extend substantially't'o and terminate at the outer surfaces of the unit, for example at the top and bot'- tom and side walls of the structural frame. After installation of the utility unit, the vitems of equiphabilitation of an old dwelling. As a, conse,

ter manifold 5 is connected to supply water under pressure to the heater 2, and the hot water manifold 6 is connected to receive hot water from theheater 2. The heaters 2 and 3 may be heated by any suitable means. In the present instance. the water heater 2 is heated by electrical energy and the space heater 3 is fuel-fired andhence connected to receive gas or oil from the manifold I0, and. provided with a suitable flue outlet for the products of combustion. If the water heater 2 were to be fuel-fired, it would be connected to the manifold I0, and if the space heater 3 were to be heated electrically it would be connected through automatic control circuits to the electrical panel 4.

Because of the complete and self-contained character of the unit, which in one sense constitutes a compact household power plant, its installation requires very few external connections, and can be quickly and inexpensively effected. Thus, for the unltitself, it is necessary after 1ocation only to connect the cold water manifold 5 to amain water pipe 5a leading from a suitable source, such as a municipal water system, to connect the electrical panel 4 to a supply main 4a leading from an outside source of current, to connect ,the main trunk of the soil manifold 1 to a vent stack II and to a sewer pipe 1a, to connect the gas pipe I0 to a fuel supply pipe lila, and to connect the 'flue outlet of theheater 3 to a smoke stack I3.

It will be understood that4 in constructing the home, the water, sewer and gas mains 5, Ia and Illa are arranged to open at the desired location according to a predetermined pattern, and preferably, though not necessarily, to open through the supporting foundation or floor, and the lower ends of the manifolds 5, 1 and I0, to be connected therewith, are similarly arranged, within the unit. The pattern may be conveniently and accurately laid out by the use of a floor templet (not shown). To install the unit, it is merely placed on the support at the desired -location in registration with the pipe pattern, and then the three aforesaid base connections are made. A correlated prearrangementv of the electrical supply cable 4, vent stack II and smoke stack I3 is made to facilitate connection thereof at the top of the unit with the panel 4, soil pipe 1 and -flue outlet of the heater 3.

The manifolds, integrally incorporated 'as part of the unit, are suitably arranged with branch conduits having terminal outlets or couplings readily accessible for connection with various household fixtures, appliances and accessoriestually on the unit, and connection thereof from outside the unit with the contiguous ends of the appropriate branches or conduits of the manifolds may be speedily made.

It will be evident that 'when the present utility unit is employed, much of the plumbing that is ordinarily required to be made in constructing a home with separate conventional water, heating and sewer systems, with their intricate maze and long runs of pipes, is not necessary, or has been already completed at the factory at low cost.

The remaining few connections required to install the unit and the fixtures can be made i a very short time. As a result, labor costs are considerably reduced, and the progress of building construction is not impeded, but is accelerated to facilitate early completion.

The self-contained portable utility unit may be made in any suitable shape, but preferably is rectangular with right-angled corners and outlined by the frame structure I. This square-cornered form provides four side walls of which the adjacent walls are perpendicular to each other and about which the items to be serviced may be conveniently arranged'in a compact central group. With the serviced items so arranged, the sides of the unit may be sheathed with wall panf els I4, I5,' I6 and Il to close the frame struclayouts, especially suited for low-priced homes.

An illustrative simple floor plan is' shown in Fig. 9, in which the yutility unit I8 denes the partition between a kitchen I9 and a bathroom 20, and one side of a connecting passageway 2I,

serving also as a laundry. A living room 22 opens from the kitchen I9. A plenum chamber 2|* extends along the ceiling of the passageway 2| to receive heat from the duct,8 for distribution through a grill 2Ib to the living room 22. Such arrangement. lends itself to expansion, with convenient utilization of the utility unit I 8, as illustrated in Fig. 10, wherein a bedroom 23 is added next tothe bathroom 20, and connected to one end of the passageway 2I. In this instance, the plenum chamber 2|a is connected through another grill 2| to the bedroom 23.

Various types of equipment i items may, of course, be provided and the invention is not nec.. essarily hunted to the specic selection and arrangement of all of the items shown in the drawings. Of particular advantage isl location of the unit as a partition (see Fig. 5) between the kitchen I9 and bathroom 20. On the -kitchen side along the wall panel I4 of the unitfsee Fig.v 1) are located a dishwasher 24, a sink 25, a stove 26 and an electric refrigerator `21. In the present instance, the dishwasher 24, sink 25 and stove 26 are built into a floor cabinet 28. 0n the bathroom side, along the wall panel |5 of the unit I8', are mounted a` lavatory 29 and a toilet 30.. A bathtub 3I is positioned on the floor, with the foot end extending between an outside wall 32 vof the bathroom 26 and the adjacent wall panel I6 of the' unit I8, and the space over the tub constitutes a showerstall 33-served by an overhead shower spray 34 and adapted to be closed by a door 35.

On the laundry side of the unit, along the wall panel I1, are located a clothes 1 washing machine 36 and twin laundry tubs 31 enclosed in a oor cabinet 38. The overhead space in the kitchen and laundry 2| over the cabinets 28 and 38 may be utilized for wall cabinets 39 and 48 suspended from the sides of the utility unit I8. In the foregoing arrangement, the central utility unit I8 is located in effect in a well or shaft accessible from all sides, and constitutes, with the fixtures and appliances arranged thereabout, a unitary household assembly or building construction providing substan' 41 and 48 and end members 49 and- 50, these various members preferably being channel-shaped and opening inwardly.

The vertical uprights comprise four corner frame members 5I, 52, 53 and 54 interconnecting the respective corners of the top and bottom frames 4I and 42, and a series of spaced intermediate frame members interconnecting the side and end members of thevframes. In the present instance, there are two Aintermediate members 55 and 56 between the side members 44 and 48, one intermediate member 51 betweenthe side members 43 and 41, and one intermediate member 58 between the end members 45 and 49. Preferably, the corner members 5I to 54 are angle bars and the intermediate members to 59 are channel bars and all are arranged to open inwardly.

The various upright frame members are provided in suchnumbers and are so spaced and arranged as to impart adequate strength and rigidity to the frame structure I, to afford support for certain utilities or service fixtures located within the unit and for certain household devices or. fixtures adapted to be mounted on the exterior of the unit, and to permit ready access to the interior for purposes of installation, service and repair. In furtherance of these ends, the frame structure I is also provided with suitable reinforcing cross members. Thus, the bottom frame 42, which constitutes the base of the `structure and is adapted to be mounted directly on a suitable foundation 68, such as a floor orother support, has a channel-shaped cross member 6I extending between and connected at opposite ends to intermediate portions of the side members 41 and 48. Similarly, horizontal ch'annel-shaped cross members 62, 63 and 64 extend in a common plane respectively between 4the upright members 54 and 58, 52 and 53, and 53 and 51, and another member 65 extends in a slightly higher plane between the members 5I and 58. Likewise, three vertically spaced angle-shaped cross members or bars 66, 61 and 68 connect the-upright members 52 and 56,'and two similar cross members .69 and 18 connect the members 5I and 56.

The various structural elements 43 to 10 may be made of any suitable material, such as steel, having the desired strength and rigidly, and may be rigidly interconnected in any suitable manner, as for example by welding, to constitute a prefabricated sub-assembly or framework.

It is tobe understood that, within the broad aspects of th'e invention, the frame structure I is not necessarily limited to the specific shape and construction shown, but may be of any suitable skeleton form defining an internal chamber providing substantial interior space in which the basic service fixtures or utilities and' pipe manifolds are adapted to be arranged and supported in a centralized and standardized manner for cou.- pling connections to the outside fixtures and appliances. It will be evident that the major portion of the manifolds of the assembled supply, soil and venting pipe system is located substantially within the lower portion of the interior space and' adjacent the bottom frame section and certain of the side walls of the structural frame I to provide an unobstructed space for the reception of the service xtures, such', for example, as the hot water heater 2 and the space heater 3.

The hot water heater 2 may be of any suitable type, and in the present instance is self-contained and, hence, comprises a cylindrical water drum and suitable electrical heating means (not shown). The cold and hot water manifolds 5 and 6 open through the top end of the heater 2 to the interior of the water compartment. Preferably, the heater 2 is supported in'an elevated position on a braced corner shelf 13 constructed of channel bars rigidly connected to the upright frame members 5I, 55 and 58, and is additionally secured in place by an encircling strap 13e anchored to themember 58.-

The space heater 3 also may be of any suitable 4 type and shape, utilizing either gas, oil, coal, or electric current as the source of heat. In the present instance, the heater 3 consists of a rectangular hot air, gas-fired furnace having a burner (not shown) connected to the gas manifold I0, and having a ue 15 for discharging th'e products of combustion, and a hot air outlet connected to the trunk of the heating duct manifold 8. The furnace 3 is supported in elevated position on aplatform 16 rigid with the frame structure I and preferably consisting of a rectangular frame constructed of channel bars resting on the cross members4 63 and 64. The inner corner of the frame 16 is supported from the cross member 6I by an upright4 angle bar constituting the leg 11.

By supporting both of the heaters 2 and 3 in elevated position and within opposite sides of the interior chamber ofthe frame structure I. the upper space in the chamber is efficiently utilized, and the lower space thereof is availablev y vantageous in that 'it obviates the necessity of supported by the cross member 8| and the plat-v form 18. One branch of the'manifoldI has a terminal coupling 8| adapted for connection through the wall panel .I5 with the water inlet of the toilet 30. Another branch o f the manifold 5 leads to a set of mixing valves 82 mounted on the cross member 65 and adapted for connection-to a water spout 83 discharging into the bathtub 3|, and .thence to a mixing valve 84 having an outlet pipe 85 adapted for connection through the wall panel I6 to the shower spray head 34. Various other branches of themanifold 5 have terminals 86, 81A and 88 suitably threaded or provided with couplings for connection respectively with the lavatory 29 and the laundry and kitchen fixtures and appliances.

Similarly, the hot water manifold 6 is convn ected to the mixing valves 82, and has various branches with terminals 89, 90 and 9| suitably threaded or provided with couplings for connection respectively with the lavatory 29 and the laundry and kitchen xtures and appliances. It will be evident that the various branches of the water manifolds 5 and 6 extend through the interior of the unit to all four sides of the frame structure I, and that they are supported in position ready for attachment theretoof the outside iixtures and appliances utilizing cold and hot water. Connection thereof with various interior elements, such as the hot water heater 2 and the valves 82, aiiords support for the manifolds 5 and 6. For additional support, the manifolds may be connected or strapped by suitable tie means to or rest on various contiguous members of the frame structure I.

The drain and sewage manifold 1 comprises a main vertical soil pipe 92 which is adapted to be connected at the lower end by a coupling 93 'to the sewer pipe I2 and at the upper end by a coupling 94 to the vent stack II, and which is supported in position by a plurality of brackets or ties 95 anchored to the frame structure. One branch of the pipe 92 has a terminal 96 suitably threaded for connection to the waste outlet of the toilet 30. A drain pipe 91, opening to one side of the soil pipe 92, rests on the cross members 6I, and has various branch terminals 98, 99, and IOI, suitably threaded or provided with couplings, for attachment respectively with the drain outlets of the bathtub 3|, the lavatory 29, and various laundry and kitchen fixtures and appliances. Thus, the terminal 98 is connected through a conventional trap to the bottom drain |02 and the overflow |03 of the bathtub 3|; the terminal |00 is connected through a branched pipe |04 to the bottom drains of the clothes washing machine 36 and the laundry tubs 31; and

the terminal I0| is connected to the bottom drains of the sink 25 and the dishwashlng machine 24. A vent pipe |05 opens from the drain piper91 to the soil pipe 92 to permit the escape of sewer gases.

'Ihe electrical distribution panel 4 is conveniently supported between the cross bars 66 and 61 land has a series of conduits |06 extending downwardly therefrom to service the unit I8, and another series of conduits |01 extending upwardly therefrom and adapted to be connected to outside circuits for servicing the rest of the house. For example, thev conduits |06 are connected to various outlet boxes mounted in the frame structure, including boxes |08, '|09 and IIO for servicing the electric refrigerator' 21 and `stove 26, the dishwashing machine 24 and the clothes washing machine 36, and including an outlet box III ior servicing two side lights II2 fora medicine cabinet |I3 mounted between thecross bars 69 and 10 above the lavatory 29 and having a mirror door II4 opening to the bathroom 20. v

The top of the frame structure I is closed by a wall panel II5 having a central openingIIB closed by a removable cover II1. .'I'he panel II5 is located a distance from the room ceiling. H8 .to provide a narrow overhead space Il9 which houses the heating and Ventilating ducts 8 and 9, and which is adapted to be closed by a border l trim |20. lThe heating duct manifold 8 comprises a central plenum. chamber which has various branches opening through the trim-work |20 respectively to the kitchen I9, bathroom.l 20 and plenum chamber 2Iiover the laundry 2|. Suitable grills I 2| and |23 are secured in the outlets to the kitchen and bathroom. y

The Ventilating duct 9 has a grill |26 in the trim-workr |20 opening from .the kitchen I9 and is connected to one compartment |21 of a partitioned iiue box |28 adapted for connection to the chimney I3. An exhaust fan (not shown) may be mounted at a suitable location in the duct 9. The iiue 15 from the heater 3 opens to another compartment |29 of the box |28 and a Ventilating duct 12 opens from the interior of the unit I8 to a thirdv compartment |30. If the water heater 2 were of the'fuel-fired type, the duct 12 would be available for connection as a iiue outlet from the heater combustion chamber. The chimney I3 preferably is alsorpartitioned into three iiue passages for connection respectively to the compartments |21, |29 and |30 so as to prevent back drafts. Cold air grills |3| inthe base of the Wall panelsv I4 and I1 (see Figs. 1 and 2) admit air to the interior of the unit I8 for ventilation and for supporting combustion in the heater 3.

Fig. 11 shows a modified form of utility unit I8 which is similar in substantially all respects to the unit disclosed in Figs. 1 to 10, with the exception that a coal burning space heater 3' is employed. In this instance, laundry fixtures and appiiances are dispensed with, so that the wall panel I1EL is exposed and provided with a ring door |32 for introducing coal and a door (not shown) for removing ashes. Other corresponding parts are identified by the same reference numerals plus the letter a.

It will be seen that I have provided a new and improved building core utility unit which lends itself to an advantageous and economical meth-p od of building construction. The unit I8, with Water and space heaters and plumbing connections, is economically prefabricated, and is adapted to be transported and vinstalled at a central location on a floor especially prepared for it. The unit may be inserted through an opening in the outer Wall 32 of the building before the Wall is completed, and in fact may be constructed so compactly that it will pass an ordinary doorway. After being located in position, the unit I8 is attached to the service mains. Then, the frame structure I is sheathed with the Wall panels I4 to I1 and IIE at the sides and top. Thereafter, vthe various kitchen, bathroom and laundry fixtures are arranged about the foursides in a compact and convenient assembly and attached to the appropriate terminals of the plumbing within the unit. The heating and Ventilating ducts 8 and 9 are now properly arranged, and the space I I9 overhead the unit is closed by the trim-work |20. The remaining rooms of the home are conveniently arranged about the centralized assem- 9 bly of household facilities thus provided. The building construction disclosed herein is an improvement of the construction disclosed in my copending application, Serial No. 556,222, led September 28, 1944.

I claim as my invention:

1. A pre-fabricated portable structural utility buildinglcore unit comprising, in combination, an upright, rigid, outer structural frame having horizontal rectangular top and bottom frame sections interconnected by vertical corner and intermediate frame members defining four vertical side walls providing substantial interior space, an assembled supply, soil and vent piping system including manifolds disposed within said interior space, the major portion of said manifolds being located substantially within the lower portion of said interior space and adjacent said bottom frame section and certain of said side walls to provide an unobstructed space for the reception of service fixtures, tie means rigidly attaching said piping system at spaced points in supported relation to contiguous frame members of said sidewalls, certain structural members of said frame presenting means for supporting said service fixtures when inserted in said unobstructed space, said piping system having conduits extend ing contiguous to the bottom of said frame foi attachment to external service mains, and having other conduits extending from within said frame contiguous to a plurality of said side walls for attachment from outside to household devices and fixtures to be arranged in externally spaced relationship therealong. y

2. A pre-fabricated portable structural utility building core unit comprising, in combination, an

upright, rigid, outer structural frame having horizontal rectangular top and bottom frame sections interconnected by vertical cornerand intermediate frame members defining four vertical side walls providing substantial interior space, an assembled supply, soil and vent piping systemincluding manifolds disposed within said interior space, one of said manifolds comprising a verti. cal soil pipe located closely adjacent one side wall and in remote relation to the opposed side wall of said frame, and the major portion of said manifolds being located substantially in the lower end portion of said interior space and adjacent the bottom and sides thereof to provide an unobstructed space for the reception of service xtures, tie means rigidly attaching said soil pipe at spaced points to frame members of said one side wall, additional tie means rigidly attaching said piping system. at spaced points in supported relation to contiguous frame members of said side walls, certain structural members of said frame presenting means for supporting said service fixtures when inserted in said unobstructed space, said piping system having conduits extending contiguous to the bottom of said frame for attachment to external service mains, and having other conduits extending from within said frame contiguous to a plurality of said side walls for attachment from outside to household devices and fixtures to be arranged in externally spaced relationship therealong.

3. A pre-fabricated portable structural utility building core unit comprising, in combination, an upright, rigid, outer structural frame having horizontal rectangular top and bottom frame sections interconnected by -vertical corner and intermediate frame members defining four vertical side walls providing substantial interior space,

an assembled supply, soil and vent piping system f 10 including manifolds disposed within said interior space, one of said manifolds comprising a vertical soil pipe located closely adjacent one side wall and in remote relation to the opposed side wall of said frame, and the major portion of said *manifolds being located substantially in the lower end portion of said interior space and adjacent the bottom and sides thereof to provide an unobstructed space for the reception of service fixtures, tie means rigidly attaching said soil pipe at spaced points lto frame members of said one side wall, additional tie means rigidly attaching said piping system at spaced points in supported relation to contiguous frame members of said side walls, certain structural members of said frame presenting means for supporting said service iixtures when inserted in said unobstructed space, the compact integrated piping system forming with said frame a central core to constitute the inner backing of the contiguous walls of a plurality of rooms, passages, or alcoves arranged in adjoining relation about three of said side walls, said piping system having conduits terminating contiguous to said top and bottom sections of said frame for attachment to external service mains, and having other conduits terminating contiguous to said three side wallsfor attachment from outside to household devices and fixtures to be arranged in spaced relation externally along said three side walls.

JOEL FLETCHER LANKTON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,910,264 Shanley et al. May 23, 1933 2,030,024 Davison Feb. 4, 1936 2,037,895 Gugler Apr. 21, 1936 2,243,373 Crites May 27, 1941 2,340,323 Groeniger Feb. 1, 1944 430,253 Reid June 17, 1890 493,947 Scholding Mar. 21, 1893 1,645,223 Boesch v--- Oct. 11, 1927 2,004,933 Davison June 18, 1935 2,030,024 Davison Feb. 4, 1936 2,040,725v Backhus May 12, 1936 2,051,874 Macready et al. Aug. 25, 1936 2,167,525 Rosendale JulyV 25, 1939 2,220,604 Jepertinger Nov. 5, 1940 2,270,873 Groeniger Jan. 27, 1942 2,295,915 Ring Sept. 15, 1942 2,339,778 Groeniger Jan. 25, 1944 2,284,138 Evans et al. ---g- May 26, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 429,076 British a May 23, 1935 OTHER REFERENCES The Architectural Forum, Sept., 1942. Pages 78, 79 and 80. (Copy in Division 33.)

The Architectural Record, Jan., 1934. Pages 36 and 118. (Copy in Division 33.)

Architectural Forum, Sept., 1942. Pages 133 and 134.

Architectural Forum, Jan., 1943. Page 64.

Time Inc. article entitled 'I'he integrated house, copyright 1937. (Copy in Division 33.) The pagesare unnumbered but Nos. 26 and 27v by count are relied on. These appear under the subcaption Integrated power plant." 

